Soil Compaction Calculator

Calculate field dry density, relative compaction, and target pass/fail status from wet density, moisture content, and maximum dry density.

Geotechnical note: This calculator is for estimation and checking calculations. Real compaction acceptance should follow project specifications, field density tests, moisture tests, Proctor results, and geotechnical requirements.

About the Author: Created by Fotios Angelakis, MSc in Mechanical Engineering, with experience in engineering calculations, construction estimators, and applied calculator tools. Learn more about the author's qualifications and experience.

Enter density and moisture values, then click calculate.

How the Soil Compaction Calculator Works

The Soil Compaction Calculator calculates the field dry density and compares it with the maximum dry density from a laboratory compaction test. This comparison is called relative compaction.

This is different from simply dividing wet density by dry density. In construction, compaction is usually checked by comparing field dry density against a specified maximum dry density.

Soil compaction compares field density to lab maximum Field dry density ÷ Maximum dry density × 100 = Relative compaction %

Soil Compaction Formula

First, calculate dry density from wet density and moisture content:

Dry Density = Wet Density ÷ (1 + Moisture Content / 100)

Then calculate relative compaction:

Relative Compaction (%) = Field Dry Density ÷ Maximum Dry Density × 100

Example Calculation

Field wet density = 2050 kg/m³
Moisture content = 12%
Maximum dry density = 1900 kg/m³
Target compaction = 95%

Field dry density:

2050 ÷ (1 + 12 / 100) = 1830.36 kg/m³

Relative compaction:

1830.36 ÷ 1900 × 100 = 96.33%

Since 96.33% is greater than the 95% target, this example passes the target compaction requirement.

Typical Target Compaction Values

Application Typical target
General fill 90% to 95%
Road subgrade 95% or higher
Structural fill 95% to 98%
Project-specific geotechnical work Use specifications
Important: Target compaction depends on the project specification, soil type, test method, moisture range, and compaction standard. Always use the project documents and geotechnical report.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is wet density the same as dry density?

No. Wet density includes water. Dry density removes the water effect and is more useful for checking compaction.

What is maximum dry density?

Maximum dry density is usually obtained from a laboratory compaction test such as a Proctor test.

What does 95% compaction mean?

It means the field dry density is 95% of the maximum dry density determined by the selected laboratory test method.

Can this replace field testing?

No. It only performs the calculation. Actual compaction verification requires proper field and laboratory testing.